俄罗斯拥有众多世界级的顶尖大学,同时在俄罗斯正规高等院校或科研单位就读的学历也受到中国的认可,跟着出国留学网一起来了解下2018年俄罗斯留学申请实用指南吧。
Sprawling across two continents and spanning an incredible nine time zones (having cut down from 11 in 2010), Russia is the largest country in the world by far. Within its vast boundaries lie some of the planet’s most luxurious palaces, extensive plateaus, highest mountains, coldest cities, strongest spirits, best ballet companies, and largest collections of stacking dolls. In terms of culture, literature is one of the country’s most notable displays; Russian authors such as Tolstoy, Bulgakov, Dostoyevsky and Nabokov are celebrated worldwide for creating some of the greatest works of the 19th and 20th centuries.
跨越两大洲,横跨九个时区(从2010年的11个时区减少到)9个,俄罗斯是迄今为止世界上最大的国家。在它广阔的范围内,有一些地球上最豪华的宫殿、广阔的高原、最高的山峰、最寒冷的城市、最强烈的烈酒、最好的芭蕾舞团,还有最大的堆叠玩偶。在文化方面,文学是国家最显著的展览之一托尔斯泰、布尔加科夫、陀思妥耶夫斯基和纳博科夫等俄罗斯作家在世界范围内为创造19世纪和20世纪的一些最伟大的作品而庆祝。作为世界上快速发展的经济体之一,俄罗斯和其他金砖国家一样,热衷于实现高等教育体系的国际化,并投资发展大学,扩大对国际申请人的支持。那么你是否考虑在俄罗斯学习?请阅读小编为您总结的关于俄罗斯顶尖大学、城市、申请和学习费用指南吧,希望对您有所帮助。
一、俄罗斯有哪些顶尖的大学?
There are 24 universities in Russia featured within the QS World University Rankings? 2018, 10 of which are placed among the top 400 universities worldwide. Russia also boasts a substantial presence in the QS EECA University Rankings, a ranking of the 300 leading universities in emerging Europe and central Asia, with a whopping 95 Russian universities currently featured.Over the past decade or so, higher education in Russia has undergone significant change, with 390 billion rubles (~US$6.7 billion) allocated between 2011 and 2015 for upgrading facilities and technical equipment at Russian universities, and improving training for teaching staff.Additionally, in 2003, Russia signed up to the Bologna Process, pledging to bring its system in line with most other countries across Europe. This means many universities in Russia now offer a choice between a four-year bachelor’s degree and a five-year specialist degree. Russia’s higher education system was ranked 26th in the world, in the first edition of the QS Higher Education System Strength Rankings.
在俄罗斯有24所特色大学进入了全球400多所大学2018年QS世界大学排行榜。在QS EECA大学排名中,俄罗斯也有相当大的影响力,这是欧洲和中亚300所领先大学的排名,目前有多达95所俄罗斯大学上榜。在过去十年左右的时间里,俄罗斯的高等教育经历了巨大的变化,在2011年到2015年期间,俄罗斯高等教育的基础设施和技术设备的升级,以及改善教学人员的培训,有3900亿卢布(约67亿美元)。此外,在2003年,俄罗斯签署了博洛尼亚进程,承诺将其系统与欧洲其他大多数国家相一致。这意味着俄罗斯的许多大学现在在四年的学士学位和5年的专业学位之间做出选择。俄罗斯的高等教育体系在世界排名第26位,在QS高等教育系统实力排名的第一。
1.罗蒙诺索夫莫斯科国立大学
Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU) is Russia’s highest-ranked institution, topping the table of the QS EECA University Rankings for the third year in a row. Lomonosov Moscow State University has a current enrolment of 47,000 students, of which 7,000 are undergraduates and 4,000 are international. Academic areas at Lomonosov Moscow State University are wide-ranging, with a total of 380 departments, 39 faculties, 15 research institutes, four museums and six branch campuses in Russia and abroad.
罗蒙诺索夫莫斯科州立大学是俄罗斯排名最高的大学,在QS EECA大学排名连续三年位居榜首。莫斯科国立大学现有学生47,000名,其中本科生7000人,国际学生4000人。莫斯科国立大学的学术领域广泛,共有380个系、39个学院、15个研究所、4个博物馆和6个在俄罗斯和国外的分校。在莫斯科大学之间的领跑者,罗蒙诺索夫莫斯科国立大学提供了一个校园,不仅是接近俄罗斯首都的丰富文化(从中心不到5公里),但也是有史以来你会遇到的最伟大的校园里与主楼夺冠的世界上最高的教学楼。
2.新西伯利亚州立大学
The best-performing Russian university under 100 years old, Novosibirsk State University was established in 1959 and is ranked second in the EECA rankings. Famed for its rapid rise in reputation, Novosibirsk State University has a fairly small student community (6,000). It’s located just outside of the city of Novosibirsk, Russia’s third most populous city after Moscow and Saint Petersburg. While less internationally known than these two, Novosibirsk boasts thriving cultural and nightlife scenes, making it another attractive option for prospective students.
新西伯利亚州立大学于1959年成立,是俄罗斯100多年来表现最好的大学,在EECA排名中排名第二。新西伯利亚州立大学以其迅速崛起而闻名,拥有一个相当小的学生社区(6000人)。它位于俄罗斯第三大人口城市新西伯利亚市郊外,仅次于莫斯科和圣彼得堡。虽然在国际上知名度较低,但新西伯利亚拥有蓬勃发展的文化和夜生活场景,这使它成为未来学生的另一个有吸引力的选择。
3.圣彼得堡国立大学
The oldest and one of the most prestigious universities in Russia, Saint Petersburg State University is ranked fourth in the EECA rankings as of 2018. Founded by Peter the Great in 1724, Saint Petersburg State University has a student population of around 30,000, of which around 3,000 are from outside Russia. Spread throughout the city of Saint Petersburg in over 400 buildings hosting 25 faculties, Saint Petersburg State University provides students with access to the city’s great array of museums, monuments and arts venues.
作为俄罗斯最古老、最负盛名的大学之一,圣彼得堡国立大学在2018年的EECA排行榜上排名第四。圣彼得堡国立大学于1724年由彼得大帝创立,其学生人数约为3万人,其中约3000人来自俄罗斯以外地区。圣彼得堡国立大学在圣彼得堡的400多座建筑中散布了超过400座建筑,为学生提供了参观这座城市众多的博物馆、纪念碑和艺术场馆的机会。Vasilievsky岛(历史城市中心)和Peterhof(西南郊区)是学校主要的两个校区。
4.托木斯克州立大学
Ranked 11th in the 2018 EECA rankings (up from 20th in 2016/17), Tomsk State University is the oldest university in the Asian region of Russia, having been established in 1880. It currently has around 23,000 students in 23 faculty departments, and according to the most recent QS World University Rankings by Subject, is ranked in the top 300 in the world for modern languages and physics and astronomy.
托木斯克州立大学是俄罗斯亚洲地区最古老的大学,于1880年成立,在2018年的EECA排名中排名第11位(在2010年至2017年的第20名)。它目前在23个院系中有大约2.3万名学生,根据最近QS世界大学排名,在现代语言、物理学和天文学的世界排名前300名。
5.莫斯科物理与技术学院
Ranked 13th in the 2018 EECA rankings, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University (MIPT) was founded in 1946 and has a unique education system in which students commonly conduct their research outside the university. MIPT is ranked highly in the subject ranking for physics and astronomy as well as for the broad subject area of natural sciences. It has a current student enrolment of almost 5,700, and its alumni include many notable scientists, physicists and politicians.
莫斯科物理技术州立大学在2018年的EECA排名中排名第13位,成立于1946年,拥有独特的教育体系,学生们通常在大学之外进行研究。MIPT在物理学和天文学的学科排名中排名很高,在自然科学的学科领域也排名很高。它目前的学生入学率约为5700人,其校友包括许多著名科学家、物理学家和政治家。
二、有哪些适合留学的城市?
As the vastest country on earth, Russia offers many different lifestyles depending on the region you choose. Below you’ll find an overview of the country’s top cities for students, and what they have to offer.
作为地球上最辽阔的国家,俄罗斯提供了许多不同的生活方式,这取决于你选择的地区。下面你将会了解到这个国家的主要城市的学生,以及他们所提供的。
1.莫斯科
Ranked among the world's top 40 cities for students in the QS Best Student Cities 2017, Russia’s capital city has a global appeal. Steeped in both contemporary and historical importance, Moscow is also Russia’s cultural capital, home to an impressive array of cosmopolitan delights as well as numerous monuments, museums, galleries and buildings, all providing insights into the city’s often turbulent and intriguing past.
作为2017年QS最佳学生城市的全球40强城市之一,俄罗斯首都城市具有全球吸引力。莫斯科在当代和历史上都很重要,它也是俄罗斯的文化之都,拥有令人印象深刻的世界性的美食,还有众多的纪念碑、博物馆、画廊和建筑,这些都为这座城市经常动荡和有趣的过去提供了深刻的见解。莫斯科的街道以克林姆林宫和著名的红场为中心,在一系列同心圆中向外波动。尽管生活成本是世界上最高的,但在最新的QS最佳学生城市指数中,莫斯科获得了负担能力的良好分数,这要归功于相对低廉的学费和便宜的食品和饮料,这抵消了住宿费用的高昂。圣巴西尔大教堂,莫斯科最丰富多彩的文化景观,可能会吸引你的目光,但这座城市为长期游客提供了更多的东西。无论你是想在舒适的英式酒馆里远离繁华的街道,还是在法国小酒馆享受一顿时髦的大餐,莫斯科都能给你带来更多,包括高端俱乐部、现场音乐、乡村酒吧和世界级的歌剧和剧院。俄罗斯首都也是许多国家的顶尖大学,包括罗蒙诺索夫莫斯科国立大学、莫斯科国立鲍曼技术大学、莫斯科国立国际关系学院,莫斯科物理和技术研究所(初期),俄罗斯人民友谊大学,国家研究核大学MEPhI(莫斯科工程物理研究院),国家研究型大学——高等经济学院,国立大学的科学和技术和俄罗斯大学的经济学。
2.圣彼得堡
The former capital city of Russia, Saint Petersburg is now the nation’s second city and the third largest in Europe (after Moscow and London). Founded by Peter the Great in 1703, two decades before he established the city’s first university, Saint Petersburg has seen much political and social change – as the capital of the tsarist empire, epicenter of the 1917 Communist Revolution, and subject to three years under Nazi siege during the Second World War – along with a fair few name changes.
作为前俄罗斯首都,圣彼得堡现在是本国的第二大城市,也是欧洲第三大城市(仅次于莫斯科和伦敦)。由彼得大帝创建于1703年,20年前他建立了城市的第一大学、圣彼得堡已经多的政治和社会变化——沙皇帝国的首都,1917年共产主义革命的中心,受到三年在纳粹围困在第二次世界大战期间,连同公平一些名称的变化。圣彼得堡有时被称为东方的威尼斯或东方的巴黎,它是一座岛屿城市,建于42个岛屿上,由数百座桥梁连接,在涅瓦河的入口处。它丰富的历史反映在圣彼得堡的许多博物馆、剧院、画廊和遍布全城的数以千计的纪念碑上。对于高雅文化来说,圣彼得堡是不可战胜的,有歌剧、芭蕾舞、文学大师,世界上最大的艺术画廊和500多座令人惊叹的巴洛克式宫殿。圣彼得堡国立大学和圣彼得堡理工大学都是主要的大学。该城市是2017年QS最佳学生城市指数的新词条,排名第78位。
3.托木斯克
If you fancy heading deeper into Russia, and you happen to like snow, Tomsk may well be the perfect study destination for you. A small city in the heart of Siberia, Tomsk has a long history of educational excellence, and has particularly established itself as a leader in science and IT innovation. Today there are six universities in Tomsk, including Tomsk State University and National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, both of which are ranked among the EECA top 50. An estimated 20% of the population of Tomsk is comprised of students, and you can expect to hear a wide variety of languages being spoken. There’s also lots to explore – beyond the labs and libraries lies a charming old town with vibrant arts, music and café scenes.
如果你喜欢深入俄罗斯,并且你还碰巧喜欢雪,那么托木斯克很可能是你最好的学习目的地。托克斯克是西伯利亚中心的一个小城市,有着悠久的教育卓越历史,在科学和IT创新方面尤其突出。今天,托木斯克有六所大学,包括托木斯克州立大学和国家研究托木斯克理工大学,这两所大学都在EECA前50名。托木斯克大约有20%的人口是由学生组成的,你可以期待听到各种各样的语言。还有很多东西要探索——除了实验室和图书馆之外,还有一个迷人的古老小镇,那里有充满活力的艺术、音乐和咖啡馆场景。
The majority of courses at Russian universities are taught in Russian. So if you plan to study in Russia, it’s likely that you’ll need to master the language first, and provide proof of language proficiency as part of your application.If you don’t feel confident with your Russian language skills just yet, some Russian universities offer one-year preparatory courses for international students, designed to help you to get up to the required standard quickly. For those who have only a very limited knowledge of Russian, there’s also the option to undertake a program taught in the English language, which are offered at some Russian universities. Although some English-taught options do exist at undergraduate level, English-language master’s programs are much more common.
俄罗斯大学的大部分课程都是用俄语授课的。因此,如果你打算在俄罗斯学习,你很可能需要先掌握语言,并作为你的申请的一部分提供语言能力的证明。如果你对你的俄语技能没有信心,一些俄罗斯大学为国际学生提供为期一年的预备课程,旨在帮助你快速达到要求的标准。对于那些对俄语只有非常有限的知识的人来说,还可以选择在一些俄罗斯大学开设英语课程。尽管在本科阶段有一些英语教学的选择,但英语硕士的课程更常见。根据大学和你的学术背景,俄罗斯大学的要求也可能包括入学考试和/或面试。俄罗斯的学年从9月到6月,分为两个学期。
2.签证办理
Once you’ve been offered a place to study in Russia, the university’s international department will file an application for a Russian student visa on your behalf. This should take between three and five weeks and costs about US$40. All visas must be registered within seven business days after arriving in Russia. This visa will cover your stay for three months only, so if you’re planning to study in Russia for more than 90 days you’ll need to apply for an extension once in the country. For a longer stay you’ll also be asked to provide the results of a medical examination and HIV test.
一旦你被俄罗斯的大学录取,大学的国际部就会代表你申请俄罗斯学生签证。这通常需要3到5周的时间,费用约为40美元。所有的签证必须在到达俄罗斯后的7个工作日内登记。这种签证只会在你停留三个月的时间,所以如果你打算在俄罗斯学习超过90天,你就需要在这个国家申请延期。在更长的时间内,你也会被要求提供体检和艾滋病毒检测的结果。
每年为外国学生提供一套国家奖学金,包括学费、住宿和医疗保险。这些款项每月支付7.5万英镑(约1200美元),不包括旅行或个人费用,你每月至少需要额外支付50美元。那些没有奖学金的人需要每年支付6000美元到1万美元的费用和生活费,这取决于课程和地点。最近,俄罗斯大学的学费有所增加,但相对于其他国际留学目的地来说,学费仍然相对较低——根据你的学习计划,他们每年可能会达到3900 - 7,700美元。学生也有资格获得兼职工作,在校内或其他地方获得有效的工作许可。有些学生可能可以获得豁免申请工作许可证,但这不是自动的。在抵达俄罗斯之前,你还应该考虑获得医疗保险,以确保你在必要时能够获得医疗保险。
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