热带森林中未经授权的道路建设正在加速栖息地的破坏。 詹姆斯·库克大学的乔什·辛纳教授和同事们发现，实际道路数量是官方数据集记录的道路数量的六倍。 马来西亚婆罗洲沙巴的假想鬼路。 图片：rhett-butler绘制热带森林地图的研究人员发现，道路数量是官方公布的数量的数倍，这引发了人们对随着道路建设速度的加快，环境退化将大幅加剧的担忧。 悉尼大学的另一位arc桂冠得主joshcinner教授是一项研究的合著者。在这项研究中，200多名受过训练的志愿者仔细检查了1。 东南亚的婆罗洲、苏门答腊岛和新几内亚岛4200万公里。 他们的发现已发表在《自然》杂志上。 这项研究是在辛纳教授在詹姆斯库克大学时进行的。 他最近加入悉尼大学，在地球科学学院建立了蓬勃发展的海洋研究中心。 乔什·辛纳教授（左）与巴布亚新几内亚卡尔岛穆鲁克村的一位部落首领讨论研究结果。 辛纳教授在詹姆斯·库克大学的同事、杰出的比尔·劳伦斯教授说，道路具有重要的功能，但如果没有有效的规划和执法，它们可能会释放出潘多拉盒子里的环境弊病和社会挑战。 他说：“由于各种原因，非正式或非法建造的‘幽灵路’可能会被推土机推平，包括砍伐森林中的道路、棕榈油种植园中的道路以及现有道路数据中缺失的其他道路。”。 “它们是由一系列人建造的，包括合法或非法的农学家、矿工、伐木工人、土地掠夺者、土地投机者和毒贩。 劳伦斯教授说，研究人员发现了3到6个。 所研究地区的道路是全球领先道路数据集的6倍，这与喀麦隆、所罗门群岛和巴西亚马逊等其他发展中国家早期研究的结果一致。 “由于伐木、采矿和土地清理等活动，不受监管的道路开发急剧增加了对以前偏远自然地区的访问，导致环境破坏急剧增加。 詹姆斯库克大学的博士生、该研究的主要作者jayden engert说：“在我们的研究区域，道路建设几乎总是先于当地森林的消失，在38个潜在的生物物理和社会经济变量中，道路密度与森林砍伐的相关性最强。”。 根据laurance教授的说法，激增的道路可能是全球热带森林面临的最重要的直接威胁。 “预计到本世纪中叶，将有约2500万公里的新铺设道路，90%的道路建设正在发展中国家进行，包括许多具有特殊生物多样性的热带和亚热带地区。 “令人担忧的是，我们的新发现表明，我们研究区域的道路范围和长度被严重低估，许多道路超出了政府的控制。 大自然是最大的输家。 cinner教授说：“从我们的论文中得到的一个积极发现是，在生物多样性研究区域内受保护的地区，平均而言，道路和相关的森林砍伐要少得多。 “这甚至是在考虑到由于社会和政治原因，保护区有时会被降级到农业条件较差的地方——有陡峭山脉或沼泽的地方——这些地方受到森林砍伐的威胁较小之后。 “我们将保护区内的地点与外部环境条件相似的地点进行了匹配，发现保护区内道路要少得多。 “使用领先的道路数据库openstreetmap绘制了东北部的道路地图（左），并添加了本研究中确定的幽灵道路（右）。 研究者，j。 英语字母表的第5个字母。 等人，“鬼路与亚太热带森林的破坏”，《自然》（2024）。 doi:10。 1038/s41586-024-07303-5声明作者声明没有相互竞争的利益。 澳大利亚研究委员会、詹姆斯库克大学和一位匿名慈善捐赠者提供了支持。unauthorised road building in tropical forests is accelerating habitat destruction. professor josh cinner, with colleagues from james cook university, found that there were up to six times more actual roads than those recorded in official datasets.presumptive ghost road in sabah, malaysian borneo. photo: rhett butlerresearchers mapping tropical forest have found many times more roads than declared by official sources – raising fears of a huge increase in environmental degradation as the pace of road building increases.arc laureate fellow professor josh cinner at the university of sydney was coauthor of a study in which more than 200 trained volunteers closely examined satellite pictures of 1.42 million kilometres of the islands of borneo, sumatra and new guinea in south-east asia.their findings have been published in nature.the research was undertaken while professor cinner was at james cook university. he has recently joined the university of sydney to establish the thriving oceans resarch hub in the school of geosciences.professor josh cinner (left) discussing study results with a clan chief in muluk village, karkar island, papua new guinea.professor cinner’s colleague at james cook, distinguished professor bill laurance, said roads serve important functions, but without effective planning and law enforcement they can unleash a pandora’s box of environmental ills and societal challenges.“informally or illicitly constructed ‘ghost roads’ can be bulldozed tracks in logged forests, roads in palm-oil plantations and other roads missing from existing road datasets for various reasons,” he said.“they’re being constructed by a range of people, including legal or illegal agriculturalists, miners, loggers, land grabbers, land speculators and drug traffickers.”professor laurence said the researchers discovered 3 to 6.6 times more roads in the areas studied than were shown in leading global-road datasets – aligning with findings from earlier studies in other developing nations such as cameroon and the solomon islands and from the brazilian amazon.“by sharply increasing access to formerly remote natural areas, unregulated road development is triggering dramatic increases in environmental disruption due to activities such as logging, mining and land-clearing.“across our study area, road building almost always preceded local forest loss, and road density was by far the strongest correlate of deforestation out of 38 potential biophysical and socioeconomic variables,” said jayden engert, a doctoral student at james cook university and lead author of the study. according to professor laurance, proliferating roads are probably the most important direct threat to tropical forests globally.“there are some 25 million kilometres of new paved roads expected by mid-century and 90 percent of all road construction is happening in developing nations, including many tropical and subtropical regions with exceptional biodiversity.“worryingly, our new findings show that the extent and length of roads in our study area are severely underestimated, with many roads being out of government control. nature is the big loser.”professor cinner said: “a positive finding from our paper is that areas that are protected in the biodiverse study region, on average, have a lot fewer roads and associated deforestation.“this was even after accounting for the fact that, for social and political reasons, protected areas can sometimes be relegated to locations that are poor for agriculture – places with steep mountains or swamps – which are under less threat from deforestation.“we matched sites in protected areas to counterparts outside with similar environmental conditions and revealed that there were a lot fewer roads in the protected locations.”mapped roads in north-eastern borneo using a leading road database, openstreetmap (left), and with the ghost roads identified in this study added (right).researchengert, j. e. et al, ‘ghost roads and the destruction of asia-pacific tropical forests’, nature (2024). doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07303-5declarationthe authors declare no competing interests. the australian research council, james cook university and an anonymous philanthropic donor provided support.本文来源： 东南亚的鬼路加速了自然的破坏
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