滑坡通常发生在大雨下。 由于气候变化可能导致降水量增加，并可能恢复到拉尼娜，用当地树木和灌木加固斜坡可能是一个有效、经济和可持续的解决方案。 河岸周围地区容易发生滑坡和侵蚀。 图片：悉尼大学斯蒂芬妮·津斯海姆。 希望在斜坡上或附近建造房屋和基础设施的房主、议会和州政府应重新考虑砍伐树木或使用人工斜坡加固来支撑垂直地形以防止山体滑坡和滑坡。 悉尼大学博士候选人、自然爱好者朱佳乐说，他们应该种植当地的树木和灌木。 他正在研究澳大利亚东海岸常见的本土树木和灌木如何在潮湿的条件下帮助加固斜坡地形，降低滑坡和土壤侵蚀的风险。 他发现，悉尼红树胶、窄叶涂鸦树胶、蓝莓灰、海岸班克斯和深红色瓶树最适合稳定浅斜坡，这些斜坡通常有2米深，涉及1000平方米的土壤。 “与钢筋网或喷射混凝土等人工方法相比，植物提供了一种可持续的、自然的边坡加固方法。 它们还创造和维护了重要的栖息地。”土木工程学院的朱表示。 他说，他的博士学位的重点与可能恢复潮湿的拉尼娜现象以及极端天气事件日益普遍有关。 山体滑坡通常发生在强降水下，有可能撕裂房屋，这发生在2022年的洪水期间。 哪些树最适合防止山体滑坡和侵蚀？悉尼红胶或安哥拉红胶。 图片：悉尼大学路易莎·洛在所有物种中，悉尼红胶（也称为安哥拉胶）和蓝莓灰在加固边坡方面表现最好。 朱说：“雪梨红胶强健的主根系统为土壤提供了抵御侵蚀的基础。 它的弹性根系也有助于它穿透坚硬的土壤，使其适合岩石场地或地下水较深的地区。 这些条件促使它生根发芽，这有助于进一步加强侵蚀控制。 ”“蓝莓灰树有一个厚厚的、垂直的、心形的根系，在我研究的所有树木中，它是最不容易被拔出的。 他们还为本地鸟类提供浆果，比如摄政王的博韦鸟。”他说。 长期以来，人们一直认为用树木稳定浅坡土壤是有效的，但很少有研究关注澳大利亚的物种和条件。 根据澳大利亚地球科学的数据，与1990年至2003年相比，2004年至2017年期间，山体滑坡和严重侵蚀的发生率增加了190%。 在实验环境中，降水的作用也很难理解。 朱说：“在野外研究中很难复制潮湿的条件，因为很难控制含水量，但我们知道，在强降雨期间更容易发生山体滑坡。”。 “在降雨量较大的时候，被切断高速公路、回收或废弃的矿井和河岸的风险最大的地区最容易受到侵蚀和滑坡。 朱认为，州政府应该优先考虑在国有资产和主要河流系统旁边用树木加固斜坡，地方议会应该优先考虑用本土物种填充公共土地和住房周围的地形。 “有时候，大自然提供了最好的解决方案。 优先考虑本土种植将是实现新南威尔士州政府2036年绿色覆盖指数的更快方法，开辟新的重新绿化场地，直接惠及关键的基础设施、家庭和关键的河流系统，”他说。 房主们也应该考虑种植这些本土树木和灌木，以保护他们的财产免受山体滑坡的风险，并在可能的情况下重新考虑砍伐它们。 朱说：“如果你看看悉尼这样的地方，它是丘陵和崎岖的，有多个水系，包括霍克斯伯里、帕拉马塔和尼泊尔。”。 “你只需要环顾港口，就会发现许多房屋都建在斜坡和垂直地形上，由于气候变化，降雨模式增加，滑坡或滑动的风险可能会增加。 因此，与其为了景观而减少安哥拉或蓝莓灰，不如记住这可能有助于加固场地。”他说。 朱家乐使用测量工具的研究。 图片：悉尼大学stefaniezingsheim教授，朱的导师abbaselzein教授说，佳尔斯的研究反映了过去几十年来技术设计发生的更广泛的哲学转变：“我们现在比以往任何时候都更加意识到，‘征服自然’的传统工程精神给我们带来了大坝、混凝土丛林和城市绿地，但却带来了巨大的成本。 当技术意识到其局限性并尊重其生态环境（包括所有形式的生命），当它更智能、不那么突兀、规模不超过需要时，它就处于最佳状态。 土木工程学院荣誉院士，同时也是嘉乐工程的负责人，苗博士说：“这项研究提供了重要的发现，将帮助工程师解决影响我们日常民用基础设施完整性的公共安全问题：”这项研究深入了解了土壤和植物之间的复杂相互作用，并提供了实用的建议，让决策者对解决当今和未来棘手问题所需的非常规工程解决方案更有信心。 生命与环境科学学院的matthew-pye博士为嘉乐研究所选的树种提供了建议，他说：“joey的发现非常重要。 使用本土物种进行稳定应该是一件轻而易举的事。 种植本地物种对生态系统的好处是巨大的，应该优先考虑。 这一小步将我们的城市后院和植物与城市周围的自然植被连接起来。 从生态系统的角度来看，种植变得具有功能性，这会给你的生态效益带来更多好处。 朱博士还发现，较大的根系直径并不能增加抵抗力，而侵蚀的控制可能会受到根系下沉距离的限制。 他还说，不同的物种在不同的条件下会发挥最好的作用。 他还说，不同的物种在不同的条件下会发挥最好的作用。 研究结果已发表在acta岩土工程杂志上，并在澳大利亚和新西兰地质力学会议上发表。 更多信息，朱的博士学位研究了东海岸常见树木和灌木在根部周围土壤中的机械相互作用，包括饱和状态下的相互作用；angophora costata（悉尼红胶）、外消旋桉树（窄叶涂鸦胶）、网纹elaeocarpus reticulatus（蓝莓灰）、全缘banksia（海岸banksia）、prothantha incisa（切叶薄荷灌木）；胸叶麦（百里香蜜桃金娘）；桔梗。 更多信息，朱的博士学位研究了东海岸常见树木和灌木在根部周围土壤中的机械相互作用，包括饱和状态下的相互作用；angophora costata（悉尼红胶）、外消旋桉树（窄叶涂鸦胶）、网纹elaeocarpus reticulatus（蓝莓灰）、全缘banksia（海岸banksia）、prothantha incisa（切叶薄荷灌木）；胸叶麦（百里香蜜桃金娘）；桔梗。 这项研究由悉尼大学国际战略津贴学校和土木工程学院hdr学生研究支持基金资助。 这项研究由悉尼大学国际战略津贴学校和土木工程学院hdr学生研究支持基金资助。landslides typically occur under heavy rain. with the potential for increased precipitation due to climate change and a possible return to la nina reinforcing slopes with native trees and shrubs could be an effective, economical and sustainable solution.areas around riverbanks are suscepitble to landslide and erosion. image: stefanie zingsheim, university of sydney.homeowners, councils and state governments looking to build houses and infrastructure on or near slopes should reconsider cutting down trees or using artificial slope reinforcement to buttress vertical terrain against landslides and slips. they should plant native trees and shrubs instead, says university of sydney phd candidate and nature lover jiale zhu. he is researching how native trees and shrubs, common to east coast australia, could help reinforce sloping terrain and reduce the risk of landslide and soil erosion under wet conditions. he found that the sydney red gum, narrow-leaf scribbly gum, blueberry ash, coastal banksia and crimson bottlebrush were best for stabilising shallow slopes, which are typically 2 metres deep and involve up to 1,000 square metres of soil. “plants provide a sustainable, natural approach to slope reinforcement, compared to artificial methods, such as steel mesh or sprayed concrete. they also create and maintain crucial habitat,” said mr zhu from the school of civil engineering. he says the focus of his doctorate is particularly pertinent with a potential return to wet, la niña conditions and with the increasing prevalence of extreme weather events. landslides typically occur under heavy precipitation and have the potential to rip apart homes, which occurred during the 2022 floods. which trees are best for preventing landslides and erosion?a sydney red gum or angophora. image: luisa low, university of sydneyout of all the species, sydney red gums – also known as angophora – and blueberry ash were the best at slope reinforcement. zhu said: “the robust taproot system of the sydney red gum – where a dominant root takes hold of soil – provides an anchor against erosion. its elastic roots also help it penetrate stiff soils, making it suitable for rocky sites or areas with deep groundwater. these conditions encourage it to lay down deep roots which further helps strengthen erosion control.” “blueberry ash trees have a thick, vertical, heart shaped root system and, out of all the trees i studied, were the most resistant to being pulled out. they also provide berries for native birds like the regent bowerbird,” he said.while using trees to stabilise soil on shallow slopes has long been understood to be effective, few studies have focused on australian species and conditions. according to geoscience australia data, incidences of landslides and heavy erosion increased by 190 percent in the period between 2004–2017, compared with 1990–2003. the role of precipitation can also be difficult to understand in experimental settings. mr zhu said: “it can be very hard to replicate wet conditions in field studies because it’s hard to control the water content, but what we do know is landslides are more likely to occur during heavy rainfall.” the most at-risk areascut out motorways, reclaimed or disused mine pits and riverbanks were most at risk of erosion and landslide during higher precipitation. zhu believes state governments should prioritise reinforcing slopes with trees alongside state-owned assets and major river systems, and councils should prioritise in-filling terrain on public land and around housing with native species. “sometimes, nature offers the best solution. prioritising native planting would be a quicker way to achieve the nsw government’s 2036 green cover index, opening new sites for regreening that directly benefit critical infrastructure, homes and crucial river systems,” he said. homeowners, too, should consider planting these native trees and shrubs to protect their properties against landslide risk, and reconsider cutting them down where possible. “if you look at a place like sydney, it is hilly and craggy, with multiple river systems including the hawkesbury, parramatta and nepean,” zhu said. “you only need to look around the harbour to see that many houses are built on slopes and vertical terrain, which could be at heightened risk of landslide or slip with increased rain patterns due to climate change. so, instead of cutting down that angophora or blueberry ash for the view, remember it might be helping to strengthen a site,” he said. jiale zhu using the measurement tool used in the research. image: stefanie zingsheim, university of sydneyprofessor abbas el-zein, zhu’s supervisor, said jiales research is reflective of a broader philosophical shift in technological design that had been taking place over the past few decades: “we are now more conscious than ever that the traditional engineering ethos of ‘conquest of nature’, which has given us dams, concrete jungles and urban sprawls, comes with significant cost. technology is at its best when it is mindful of its limitations and respectful of its ecological context, including all forms of life, and when it is more intelligent, less obtrusive and no larger in scale than it needs to be.“dr guien miao, an honorary affiliate in the school of civil engineering who also supervised jiales work said: “this research provides important findings that will help engineers address a public safety concern that impacts the integrity of our everyday civil infrastructure: “this research offers insights into the complex interactions between soil and plants, and practical advice to give decision-makers greater confidence in the unconventional engineering solutions that will be needed to tackle wicked problems of today and the future.“dr matthew pye from the school of life and environmental sciences who advised jiale on tree species selected for the research said: “joey’s findings are critically important. using native species for stabilisation should be a no-brainer. the ecosystem benefits of planting native, local species are massive and should be prioritised. this small step connects our urban backyards and plantings to the natural vegetation that surround our cities. the plantings become functional in an ecosystem sense, which then delivers more bang for your ecological buck.”dr zhu also found that a large root diameter did not contribute to additional resistance and that erosion control could be limited by how far roots could throw down. he also said that different species would work best under different conditions. mr zhu’s doctorate will be conferred later this year. the results have been published in acta geotechnica and presented at australia and new zealand conference on geomechanics. more information mr zhu’s doctorate examined the mechanical interactions of common east coast trees and shrubs in the soil surrounding a root, including under saturation; angophora costata (sydney red gum), eucalyptus racemosa (narrow-leaf scribbly gum), elaeocarpus reticulatus (blueberry ash), banksia integrifolia (coast banksia), prostanthera incisa (cut-leaf mint-bush); melaleuca thymifolia (thyme honey-myrtle); callistemon citrinus (crimson bottlebrush). declaration the researchers have no conflicts of interest to declare. the research was funded by the university of sydneys international strategic stipend scholarshop and the school of civil engineering hdr student research support fund. .本文来源： 研究人员表示，种植更多的本土树木以降低滑坡风险
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