黑色夏季丛林大火后，数百只动物获救，但有多少动物幸存下来？尽管志愿者们做出了勇敢的努力，但新的研究发现，野生动物的救援和康复率远低于预期。 2019-20年可怕的黑色夏季丛林大火烧毁了澳大利亚东南部800多万公顷的植被。 估计有30亿只动物被困在火区。 激烈的媒体报道通常包括考拉和其他有袋动物为生存而战的图片。 世界各地的人们都投入到野生动物的救援和康复中。 然而，尽管志愿者们做出了勇敢的努力，我们的新研究发现，野生动物的救援和康复率远低于预期。 我们可以利用这些信息来改进我们对未来灾难的反应。 对不同损伤可能恢复的机会的了解可以用于改进每种物种的治疗。 这将使志愿者和兽医能够优先考虑康复工作，并最大限度地减少动物的痛苦。 救援和安置研究的严峻统计数据分析了两个受灾最严重地区的有袋动物救援、康复和放生统计数据：新南威尔士州和袋鼠岛。 我们将这些统计数据与每个物种的估计种群规模以及新南威尔士州典型的有袋动物救援和康复记录进行了比较。 袋鼠岛的典型救援数据并不容易获得。 尽管估计有46。 新南威尔士州消防区有800万只有袋动物，据报道，新南威尔士州只有889只有袋生物获救。 据报道，袋鼠岛上只有618只有袋动物获救。 为什么救援率这么低？我们的研究提供了一些线索。 火灾发生后6-8周是救援高峰期，救援大多集中在火区边缘。 这表明及时进入火场是困难或不安全的。 火灾的规模和强度几乎可以肯定地限制了许多动物个体的逃跑能力。 许多人可能在火灾中丧生，或者在救援人员到达之前。 新南威尔士州的大多数救援行动都是常见物种，如袋鼠和小袋鼠（458只）或负鼠（162只）。 但是，相对于考拉的种群规模，新南威尔士州的一种濒危物种考拉（204只）获救的次数比预期的要多。 那么获救的动物的命运如何呢？不幸的是，我们发现，在这两个地区获救的有袋动物中，有一半以上没有存活下来。 袋鼠和负鼠更有可能在火场上或被发现后不久被安乐死。 另一方面，考拉更有可能进入康复机构，但仍有许多考拉死亡。 我们发现袋鼠成功康复的几率（15%）低于考拉（47%）和负鼠（55%）。 这突出表明需要对提高康复成功率的方法进行更多的研究。 我们能学到什么？我们的分析提供了宝贵的见解，可用于改善未来的结果。 损伤的类型可以用来预测存活率。 受到烧伤等创伤的动物存活的可能性较小。 如果他们营养不良或无法活动，他们就会陷入严重的麻烦。 另一方面，孤儿或热应激和脱水的动物有更好的生存和放归野外的机会。 我们对影响每个物种生存的因素的详细分析可以用来完善决策，改善动物福利，并确定未来需要更多研究来改善治疗制度的领域。 如果一只动物存活的几率很低，在最初的评估中应该考虑安乐死。 在2019-20年火灾期间，社区预计野生动物将在可能的情况下得到救助和恢复。 但大多数参与康复的人都是志愿者，他们投入了大量的时间、金钱和精力来照顾野生动物。 在灾难期间，这些个人成本要高得多，这引发了人们对野生动物志愿者的努力是否应该得到补偿的质疑。 随着澳大利亚和全世界都在努力应对日益频繁和严重的极端天气事件，我们需要更好的方式来支持野生动物和志愿者。 改善政府机构和熟练志愿者之间的伙伴关系可能是解决方案的一部分。 作为对2020年新南威尔士州野生动物保护局山火调查的回应，野生动物应急响应的新举措已经认识到在灾难发生后及时做出反应的必要性。 在新南威尔士州，消防员现在已经接受了基本的野生动物救援培训。 兽医和野生动物志愿者可以获得消防训练和防护设备。 这些举措旨在改善未来灾难后野生动物救援和动物福利的机会。 它们还使工人和志愿者更安全。 我们的研究支持，如果我们想拯救更多的动物并将痛苦降至最低，就需要及时干预。 需要在全国范围内收集更一致的数据，以充分了解野生动物灾难的真实代价。 这应该包括用户友好的技术，以准确记录野外所有野生动物救援（和安乐死），并在整个康复过程中跟踪单个动物。 这将有助于了解物种在救援和康复率方面的差异，并有望改善所有物种的救援和康复结果。 本文首次发表在《对话》上，作者为悉尼大学副教授凯瑟琳·赫伯特、名誉教授克里斯·迪克森、副教授雷切尔·格雷和名誉研究员霍利·科普。hundreds of animals were rescued after the black summer bushfires - but how many actually survived? despite the courageous efforts of volunteers, new research has found wildlife rescue and rehabilitation rates were much lower than expected.the horrific black summer bushfires of 2019–20 burned more than 8 million hectares of vegetation across southeastern australia. an estimated 3 billion animals were caught in the fire zone.intense media coverage often included graphic images of koalas and other marsupials fighting for survival. people everywhere became emotionally invested in wildlife rescue and rehabilitation.yet despite the courageous efforts of volunteers, our new research has found wildlife rescue and rehabilitation rates were much lower than expected.we can use this information to improve our response to future disasters. knowledge of the likely chance of recovery from different injuries can be used to refine treatment for each species. this will allow volunteers and veterinarians to prioritise rehabilitation efforts and minimise animal suffering.grim statistics on rescue and rehabour research analysed marsupial rescue, rehabilitation and release statistics from two of the worst-affected regions: new south wales and kangaroo island.we compared these statistics to the estimated population size for each species and to typical marsupial rescue and rehabilitation records in nsw. typical rescue data were not readily available for kangaroo island.despite an estimated 46.8 million marsupials in the nsw fire zones, only 889 marsupial rescues were reported in nsw. just 618 marsupial rescues were reported on kangaroo island.why were rescue rates so low? our research provides some clues.the peak rescue period was 6–8 weeks after fire ignition, and rescues were mostly clustered around the edge of the fire zone. this suggests that timely access to firegrounds was difficult or unsafe. the scale and intensity of the fires almost certainly limited the capacity of many individual animals to flee. many likely perished in the fire, or before rescuers could arrive.most rescues in nsw were of common species such as kangaroos and wallabies (458) or possums (162). but koalas (204), a threatened species in nsw, were rescued more often than expected relative to their population size.so what was the fate of animals that were rescued? sadly, we found more than half the marsupials rescued in both regions did not survive.kangaroos and possums were more likely to be euthanised on the fireground or soon after being found. koalas, on the other hand, were more likely to enter rehabilitation facilities, but many still died.we found kangaroos had a lower chance of successful rehabilitation (15%) than koalas (47%) and possums (55%). this highlights the need for more research on ways to improve rehabilitation success.what can we learn?our analysis provides valuable insights that could be used to improve outcomes in the future.the type of injury can be used to predict survival. animals that had traumatic injuries, such as burns, were less likely to survive. if they were malnourished or immobilised they were in serious trouble. on the other hand, orphaned or heat-stressed and dehydrated animals had a better chance of survival and release back to the wild.our detailed analysis of the factors influencing survival for each species can be used to refine decision-making, improve animal welfare and identify areas where more research is needed to improve treatment regimes in the future. if an animal has a poor chance of survival, euthanasia should be considered at the initial assessment.the way forwardduring the 2019–20 fires, the community expected that wild animals would be rescued and rehabilitated where possible. but most people involved in rehabilitation are volunteers who invest an enormous amount of time, money and energy into caring for wildlife. these personal costs are much higher during disasters, and raise questions about whether wildlife volunteers should be compensated for their efforts.as australia and the world grapples with the increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events, we need better ways to support wildlife and volunteers. improving partnerships between government agencies and skilled volunteers may form part of the solution.in response to the 2020 nsw bushfire inquiry, new initiatives in wildlife emergency response have recognised the need for timely responses in the aftermath of disasters.in nsw, firefighters have now received basic wildlife rescue training. veterinarians and wildlife volunteers have access to fireground training and protective equipment.these initiatives aim to improve opportunities for wildlife rescue and animal welfare in the aftermath of future disasters. they also make it safer for workers and volunteers.our research supports the need for timely intervention if we want to rescue more animals and minimise suffering.more consistent data collection is needed on a national scale to fully appreciate the true costs of disasters on wildlife. this should include user-friendly technology to accurately log all wildlife rescues (and euthanasia) in the field and track individual animals throughout rehabilitation. this will help to understand species differences in rates of rescue and rehabilitation, and hopefully improve rescue and rehabilitation outcomes for all species. this article was first published on the conversation and written by university of sydney authors associate professor catherine herbert, professor emeritus chris dickson, associate professor rachael gray and honorary research associate holly cope.本文来源： 有多少动物从黑夏丛林大火中获救后幸存下来？
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