考古学家詹姆斯·弗莱克斯纳副教授从法属波利尼西亚的一次挖掘中归来，他和他的团队与当地社区成员一起在那里发现了该国传教士历史的遗迹。 弗莱克斯纳副教授与回收的玻璃碎片。 资料来源：詹姆斯·弗莱克斯纳和埃米莉·佩雷斯。 19世纪法国波利尼西亚人的日常生活是什么样的？今年10月和11月，由悉尼大学副教授詹姆斯·弗莱克斯纳共同领导的考古队在法属波利尼西亚的îles gambier（曼加雷瓦群岛）进行实地考察时，试图找到答案。 在当地文化协会te ana pouga magareva的密切合作下，该团队将工作重点放在了奥基纳岛和赤丸岛上。 其中包括附属于该国最古老的教堂圣拉斐尔（建于1837年）的牧师住宅，以及一所男子学校和赤丸岛上的另一所牧师住宅。 他们在六个不同地点挖掘的19个测试坑中发现了1500多个物体。 大多数都与日常生活有关：陶瓷盘子和碗，装有香水、药品和酒精的瓶子，以及过去食物的碎片，包括鱼、鸟骨头和贝类。 实地调查、发现和社区与te ana pouga magareva的成员会面，讨论实地调查期间的最新发现。 资料来源：詹姆斯·弗莱克斯纳和埃米莉·佩雷斯。 最丰富的发现来自阿卡马鲁圣母院的牧师之家。 现场发现了数百块玻璃碎片，相当于数十瓶杜松子酒、香槟和葡萄酒，以及从法国、英国和荷兰进口的香水和药品。 另一个独特的发现是数百个完整而破碎的珍珠壳（来自螯蛛属），这些珍珠壳被培育成纽扣和装饰镶嵌物等物品，让我们得以一窥该岛以前的珍珠壳工业。 但并不是所有的发现都是日常的。 人文学院的弗莱克斯纳副教授说：“有时候，你会发现一些个别的事情会讲述一个惊人而直接的故事。”。 在这个案例中，他指的是在奥基纳的一所男子学校发现的一个1厘米长的青铜十字架。 “这将是一件非常私人的事情——男孩每天都会把它戴在身上。 一名队员在赤丸揭开珍珠壳。 资料来源：詹姆斯·弗莱克斯纳和埃米莉·佩雷斯。 然而，最有趣的发现是从男子学校的战壕中找到的。 在一个铁斧头的下面，放在一个洞里，有三个完整的珍珠壳。 传统上，在法属波利尼西亚，珍珠壳被用来制作鱼饵、纹身针、吊坠和雕像。 到19世纪40年代，它们被大量收割并出口到世界各地。 曼加雷瓦的传教活动得到了波利尼西亚人的支持，他们种植并准备了数千吨珍贵的炮弹。 弗莱克斯纳副教授认为，被埋葬的软体动物是工作经验的证据&传教士们用它们来训练当地男孩如何种植、收获软体动物，然后加工外壳出口。 该团队计划明年在曼加雷瓦岛、赤丸岛和奥基纳岛再进行两个季节的挖掘。 已经显示出在这些遗址中有丰富发现的潜力，他们期待着看到任务建筑下面还埋藏着什么。 与此同时，他们正在为从伦敦皇家地理学会以数字方式归还与曼加雷瓦有关的文件提供便利。 弗莱克斯纳副教授说：“最终，该项目是与曼加雷万群岛的个人和团体建立合作关系。”。 “这是为了帮助社区了解自己的过去，为现在提供信息。 声明：这项研究由澳大利亚研究委员会资助（ft210100244）。 英雄形象：赤丸发现的珍珠壳。 资料来源：詹姆斯·弗莱克斯纳和埃米莉·佩雷斯。associate professor james flexner, archaeologist, returned from a dig in french polynesia where, together with local community members, he and his team found relics from the countrys missionary past.associate professor flexner with recovered glass fragments. credit: james flexner & emilie perez.what was everyday life like for french polynesians in the 19th century? an archaeology team co-led by the university of sydney’s associate professor james flexner sought to find out during fieldwork in the îles gambier (mangareva islands) in french polynesia, in october and november this year.with close collaboration from local cultural association te ana pouga magareva, the team focused their efforts on sites on the islands of aukena and akamaru. these included priests’ houses attached to the oldest church in the country, st raphaël (constructed in 1837), as well as at a boys’ school and at another priest’s house on the island of akamaru. they found over 1,500 objects in 19 test pits excavated at six different sites.most were associated with everyday life: ceramic plates and bowls, bottles containing perfume, medicine, and alcohol, and fragments of past meals including fish and bird bones and shellfish.fieldwork, finds, and communitymeeting with members of te ana pouga magareva to discuss the latest finds during fieldwork. credit: james flexner & emilie perez.the richest trove of finds came from the priests’ house at the church of notre dame de la païx at akamaru. hundreds of fragments of glass were recovered at the site, equating to dozens of bottles of gin, champagne and wine, as well as perfume and medicine imported from france, britain, and the netherlands.another distinctive find was hundreds of complete and fragmented pearl shells (from the pinctada genus), which were cultivated to be worked into objects like buttons and decorative inlay, offering a glimpse into the island’s former pearl shell industry.but not all the finds were so quotidian. “sometimes you find individual things that tell an amazing and immediate story,” said associate professor flexner, from the school of humanities. in this case, he is referring to a 1cm bronze crucifix, found at a boys’ school at aukena. “this would have been something very personal –the boy would have worn it every day on his body.”a team member uncovering a pearl shell at akamaru. credit: james flexner & emilie perez.the most intriguing find, however, was retrieved from a trench at the boys’ school. below an iron axe head, placed in a hole, were three complete pearl shells. traditionally, in french polynesia, pearl shells were used for fishing lures, tattooing needles, pendants and figurines. by the 1840s, they were harvested en masse and exported around the world. the missionary endeavour in mangareva was supported by polynesian people cultivating and preparing thousands of tonnes of the valuable shells.associate professor flexner thinks the buried molluscs are evidence of work experience – they were used by the missionaries to train local boys in how to grow the animal, harvest it, and then process the shell for export.the team is planning two additional seasons of excavation in the islands of mangareva, akamaru, and aukena next year. having shown the potential for rich finds in these sites, they are looking forward to seeing what else lies buried beneath the mission buildings. simultaneously, they are facilitating digital repatriation of documents pertaining to mangareva from the royal geographical society in london.“ultimately, the project is a partnership with individuals and groups in the mangarevan islands,” associate professor flexner said. “it’s about helping the community understand its own past to inform its present.”declaration: this research was funded by an australian research council grant (ft210100244).hero image: pearl shells uncovered at akamaru. credit: james flexner and emilie perez.本文来源： 法属波利尼西亚出土的神秘珍珠壳
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