保护自己和家人免受蚊虫叮咬可能很有挑战性，尤其是在这种炎热潮湿的天气里。 幼儿的抗议和对局部驱虫剂的担忧促使一些人尝试腕带、贴片和贴纸等替代品。 这些产品在网上、超市、药店和露营店都有销售。 它们通常被宣传为提供“天然”的防蚊保护。 但不幸的是，它们不是防止蚊子叮咬的可靠方法。 以下是原因，以及您可以尝试的方法。 为什么预防蚊虫叮咬很重要？蚊子可以传播病原体，使我们生病。 日本脑炎和默里谷脑炎病毒可能具有潜在的致命后果。 虽然克罗斯河病毒不会杀死你，但它可能会导致潜在的衰弱性疾病。 卫生当局建议通过以下方式预防蚊子叮咬：避开蚊子最活跃的地区和时间；用长袖衬衫、长裤和盖鞋遮盖；以及涂抹局部驱虫剂（乳膏、乳液或喷雾）。 我不想把又粘又臭的驱蚊剂涂在我的皮肤上！虽然对许多人来说，蚊子叮咬的“刺痛”足以引发一定剂量的驱蚊剂，但其他人则不情愿。 有些人被驱虫剂的难闻感觉或气味吓倒了。 其他人认为局部驱虫剂含有对我们健康有害的化学物质。 然而，许多研究表明，当按照建议使用时，这些产品是安全的。 所有在澳大利亚作为驱蚊剂销售的产品都必须经过澳大利亚农药和兽医管理局的注册；提供安全使用建议的过程。 局部驱虫剂是如何工作的？虽然局部驱虫剂中的化学物质实际上是如何工作的还存在一些不确定性，但它们似乎要么会阻挡蚊子叮咬的感觉器官，要么会抑制我们皮肤上帮助蚊子找到我们的气味。 二乙氨基甲苯（deet）是一种广泛推荐的局部驱虫剂成分。 异丙啶和柠檬桉树油也被使用，并已被证明是有效和安全的。 蚊子是温暖月份的常见害虫。 其他产品是如何工作的？“物理”驱虫产品，如腕带、线圈和蜡烛，通常含有一种植物衍生的化学物质，并经常作为鹿的替代品在市场上销售。 然而，研究表明，像含有香茅油的蜡烛这样的设备比局部驱虫剂预防蚊虫叮咬的效果要低。 2011年的一项实验室研究发现，注入薄荷油的腕带不能完全防止蚊子叮咬。 即使在皮肤上使用局部驱蚊剂，这些植物衍生的产品对蚊子的保护作用也低于推荐的产品，如含有鹿、异丙啶和柠檬桉树油的产品。 注入deet的腕带显示出好坏参半的结果，但可能提供一些咬保护或减少咬。 基于deet的腕带或贴片目前在澳大利亚不可用。 还有一系列驱蚊线圈、驱蚊棒和其他释放杀虫剂的装置（例如拟除虫菊酯类）。 这些化学物质主要是为了杀死或“击倒”蚊子，而不是简单地阻止它们叮咬我们。贴纸和贴片呢？尽管驱虫贴片和贴纸已经问世多年，但通过社交媒体进行的营销却突然激增。 但很少有科学研究测试它们的功效。 我们目前对驱虫剂的作用方式的了解表明，这些小贴纸和贴片对蚊子叮咬几乎没有保护作用。 充其量，它们可以像含有植物产品的蚊子线圈那样减少一些叮咬。 然而，贴片和贴纸被动释放的化学物质可能远低于蚊子线圈和其他主动释放化学物质的装置。 2013年的一项研究发现，一张注入柠檬桉树油的贴纸“对志愿者没有提供显著的保护”。 浸有杀虫剂（如氯氰菊酯）的衣物将有助于减少蚊虫叮咬，但仍建议在皮肤暴露区域使用局部驱虫剂。 使用这些产品时要小心——你可以在衣服上贴上贴纸或贴片来保护你免受蚊子叮咬，这听起来可能很吸引人，但这些设备提供了一种虚假的安全感。 没有证据表明它们是世界各地卫生当局推荐的局部驱虫剂的同等有效的替代品。 蚊子只需咬一口就能传播病原体，从而导致严重疾病。 同样值得注意的是，澳大利亚农药和兽医管理局要求提供一些健康警告和使用建议。 其中一些产品警告不要涂抹在皮肤上（建议仅涂抹在衣服上），并将产品“放在儿童够不到的地方”。 如果把它贴在小孩子的衣服上，这是一个挑战。 类似的警告与大多数其他外用和非外用驱蚊剂有关。 始终检查这些产品的标签，以获得安全使用建议。 还有其他可行的选择吗？局部驱虫剂安全有效。 大多数可以用于12个月大的儿童，不会对健康造成风险。 一定要在所有暴露的皮肤部位均匀地涂上驱蚊剂。 但在户外短时间内，你不需要“热带强度”的驱蚊剂；一系列具有较低浓度驱蚊剂的配方适用于较短的户外旅行。 有些驱蚊剂闻起来没有那么浓（例如，儿童配方、无气味配方），或者使用起来更愉快的配方（例如，泵包喷雾）。 最后，你总是可以掩饰。 宽松的长袖衬衫、长裤和有盖的鞋子将在今年夏天为你和蚊子之间寻找你或你家人的血液提供物理屏障。 这篇文章是在对话中发表的：贴纸和腕带不是防止蚊子叮咬的可靠方法。 原因如下。 它是由临床病理学和医学研究所的cameron webb博士撰写的。protecting yourself and family from mosquito bites can be challenging, especially in this hot and humid weather. protests from young children and fears about topical insect repellents drive some to try alternatives such as wristbands, patches and stickers.these products are sold online as well as in supermarkets, pharmacies and camping stores. they’re often marketed as providing “natural” protection from mosquitoes.but unfortunately, they aren’t a reliable way to prevent mosquito bites. here’s why – and what you can try instead.why is preventing mosquito bites important?mosquitoes can spread pathogens that make us sick. japanese encephalitis and murray valley encephalitis viruses can have potentially fatal outcomes. while ross river virus won’t kill you, it can cause potentially debilitating illnesses.health authorities recommend preventing mosquito bites by: avoiding areas and times of the day when mosquitoes are most active; covering up with long sleeved shirts, long pants, and covered shoes; and applying a topical insect repellent (a cream, lotion, or spray).i don’t want to put sticky and smelly repellents on my skin!while for many people, the “sting” of a biting mosquitoes is enough to prompt a dose of repellent, others are reluctant. some are deterred by the unpleasant feel or smell of insect repellents. others believe topical repellents contain chemicals that are dangerous to our health.however, many studies have shown that, when used as recommended, these products are safe to use. all products marketed as mosquito repellents in australia must be registered by the australian pesticides and veterinary medicines authority; a process that provides recommendations for safe use.how do topical repellents work?while there remains some uncertainty about how the chemicals in topical insect repellents actually work, they appear to either block the sensory organs of mosquitoes that drive them to bite, or overpower the smells of our skin that helps mosquitoes find us.diethytolumide (deet) is a widely recommended ingredient in topical repellents. picaridin and oil of lemon eucalyptus are also used and have been shown to be effective and safe.mosquitoes are a common pest during warmer months.how do other products work?“physical” insect-repelling products, such as wristbands, coils and candles, often contain a botanically derived chemical and are often marketed as being an alternative to deet.however, studies have shown that devices such as candles containing citronella oil provide lower mosquito-bite prevention than topical repellents.a laboratory study in 2011 found wristbands infused with peppermint oil failed to provide full protection from mosquito bites.even as topical repellent formulations applied to the skin, these botanically derived products have lower mosquito bite protection than recommended products such as those containing deet, picaridin and oil of lemon eucalyptus.wristbands infused with deet have shown mixed results but may provide some bite protection or bite reduction. deet-based wristbands or patches are not currently available in australia.there is also a range of mosquito repellent coils, sticks, and other devices that release insecticides (for example, pyrethroids). these chemicals are primarily designed to kill or “knock down” mosquitoes rather than to simply keep them from biting uswhat about stickers and patches?although insect repellent patches and stickers have been available for many years, there has been a sudden surge in their marketing through social media. but there are very few scientific studies testing their efficacy.our current understanding of the way insect repellents work would suggest these small stickers and patches offer little protection from mosquito bites.at best, they may reduce some bites in the way mosquito coils containing botanical products work. however, the passive release of chemicals from the patches and stickers is likely to be substantially lower than those from mosquito coils and other devices actively releasing chemicals.one study in 2013 found a sticker infused with oil of lemon eucalyptus “did not provide significant protection to volunteers”.clothing impregnated with insecticides, such as permethrin, will assist in reducing mosquito bites but topical insect repellents are still recommended for exposed areas of skin.take care when using these productsthe idea you can apply a sticker or patch to your clothing to protect you from mosquito bites may sound appealing, but these devices provide a false sense of security. there is no evidence they are an equally effective alternative to the topical repellents recommended by health authorities around the world. it only takes one bite from a mosquito to transmit the pathogens that result in serious disease.it is also worth noting that there are some health warnings and recommendations for their use required by australian pesticides and veterinary medicines authority. some of these products warn against application to the skin (recommending application to clothing only) and to keep products “out of reach of children”. this is a challenge if attached to young children’s clothing.similar warnings are associated with most other topical and non-topical mosquito repellents. always check the labels of these products for safe use recommendations.are there any other practical alternatives?topical insect repellents are safe and effective. most can be used on children from 12 months of age and pose no health risks. make sure you apply the repellent as a thin even coat on all exposed areas of skin.but you don’t need “tropical strength” repellents for short periods of time outdoors; a range of formulations with lower concentrations of repellent will work well for shorter trips outdoors. there are some repellents that don’t smell as strong (for example, children’s formulations, odourless formulations) or formulations that may be more pleasant to use (for example, pump pack sprays).finally, you can always cover up. loose-fitting long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and covered shoes will provide a physical barrier between you and mosquitoes on the hunt for your or your family’s blood this summer.this article was original published on the conversation as: stickers and wristbands aren’t a reliable way to prevent mosquito bites. here’s why. it was written by dr cameron webb from the insitute of clinical pathology and medical research.本文来源： 贴纸和腕带不是防止蚊子叮咬的可靠方法。原因如下
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