埃默里医学院的一名教员帮助编辑了《衰老细胞》杂志的一期特刊，该杂志挑战了生物医学研究传统上对糖尿病、癌症、心脏病和痴呆症等个体衰老相关疾病的关注，转而关注全人的科学。 医学院传染病学系教授、罗林斯公共卫生学院全球健康教授vincentmarconi医学博士说：“人们已经从细胞和分子水平上了解了很多关于生物衰老过程的知识。”。 “然而，提高寿命和健康是一项艰巨的挑战，因为健康受到许多因素的影响，包括环境和基因。 对于那些面临慢性疾病、压力和社会经济障碍的人来说，这样做尤其困难。 《衰老细胞》特刊，哈佛医学院蒙蒂·蒙塔诺和克里斯·安共同主编。 弗吉尼亚理工大学的oursler，旨在帮助将健康衰老重新定义为一个需要全身研究的整体过程。 为了做到这一点，编辑们不仅邀请了关于衰老生物学途径的手稿，还邀请了同时针对多个层面和途径的整体方法和干预措施。 尽管这一问题的文章数量有限，但marconi希望这种方法能鼓励研究人员思考如何将老龄化的不适感与替代/补充干预相结合，从而推动朝着同一方向的进一步研究。 本期的作者从一系列角度研究了与衰老相关的主题，包括生物衰老的可观察特征、随着衰老增加疾病风险的生物学机制，以及对衰老过程进行生物和行为干预。 具体主题包括：百岁老人的基因变异是否能保护他们免受与年龄相关的疾病的影响——心脏的适应性及其在健康和寿命中的作用——健康衰老是一个基于生物学的综合全身过程，行为与身体和社会环境血压波动的复杂性与由于想象而导致的血管改变之间的联系将人文主义融入患者护理以满足身体和形而上学的需求显示宗教和生存变量与心理社会因素和与心血管风险相关的生物标志物有关。 与肌肉废用相比，体育活动和锻炼对表观遗传学和转录组学的影响尽管在过去70年中寿命显著提高，但编辑们表示，由于饮食、生活方式、压力和社会关系的变化，衰老问题在某些方面也变得更糟。 他们创建了这一特刊，认为衰老的多个维度需要同样多维度、跨学科的研究，将衰老的心理和社会体验与其生物标志物联系起来。 他们还认为，除了没有疾病，健康的衰老还必须整合身体和思想的各个方面，以优化人们体验生活的方式。 这些包括思维、行为、感官、细胞和分子。 实现这一目标的科学步骤和目标包括：开发整体衰老和特定衰老特征的复合标志物。 找到下一代分析方法，可以观察多种健康状况和生物特征，研究整个环境对衰老的积极和消极影响。 这需要针对人群和个人进行研究，无论他们的收入或居住地点如何。 开发能够同时针对多种机械老化过程的概念验证试验。 这将需要跨学科的合作，需要将不同的科学观点与新的资助结构结合起来，为跨学科研究提供资金。a faculty member at emory’s school of medicine has helped edit a special issue of the journal aging cell that challenges biomedical research’s traditional focus on individual aging-related diseases such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease and dementia in favor of science that focuses on the whole person. “a lot has been learned about the biological aging process, both at the cellular and the molecular levels,” says vincent marconi, md, professor in the school of medicine’s division of infectious diseases and professor of global health in the rollins school of public health. “however, improving both lifespan and health is a difficult challenge because health is affected by so many factors including the environment and genes. it’s particularly difficult to do this for individuals facing chronic conditions, stress, and socioeconomic barriers.”the special issue of aging cell, co-edited with monty montano of harvard medical school and kris ann k. oursler of virginia tech, was created to help reconceptualize healthy aging as a holistic process that needs to be studied across the whole body. to do this, the editors invited not only manuscripts about biological pathways to aging but also holistic approaches and interventions that target multiple levels and pathways at once. though the number of articles in the issue is limited, marconi hopes this approach will encourage researchers to think about how to integrate the gerosciences of aging and alternative/complementary interventions in order to spur further research in the same direction. authors in this issue investigated aging-related topics from a range of perspectives including the observable characteristics of biological aging, biological mechanisms that increase disease risk with aging and developing both biological and behavioral interventions to the aging process. specific topics include: whether genetic variations in centenarians confer protection from age-related diseasescardiorespiratory fitness and its role in health and lifespanhealthy aging as an integrated whole-body process based on biology, behavior and the physical and social environmentthe association between complexity of beat-to-beat blood pressure fluctuations and vascular alterations due to agingintegrating humanism into patient care to address physical and metaphysical needshow religious and existential variables relate to psychosocial factors and biomarkers related to cardiovascular risk.impact of physical activity and exercise compared with muscle disuse on the epigenetic and transcriptomic profilewhile lifespan has dramatically improved in last 70 years, the editors say aging issues have also become worse in some ways because of changes in diet, lifestyle, stress and social relationships. they created the special issue believing that the multiple dimensions of aging require equally multidimensional, interdisciplinary research that links the psychological and social experiences of aging to its biological markers. they also believe that, beyond the absence of disease, healthy aging must also integrate every aspect of the body and mind to optimize the way people experience their lives. these include thinking, behavior, the senses, the cells and the molecules.scientific steps and goals to achieve this include:developing composite markers of both overall aging and specific aging characteristics.finding the next generation of analytical methods that can look at multiple health conditions and biological profiles to study the positive and negative effects of the total environment on aging across an entire lifespan. this needs to be studied for both populations and individuals, regardless of income or where they live.developing proof-of-concept trials that can target multiple mechanistic aging processes at the same time. this will require interdisciplinary collaboration as well as the need to bring different scientific perspectives together along with new funding structures that can finance interdisciplinary research.本文来源： 全面重新定义人类衰老
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