来自艺术与社会科学学院的josephtolz博士探讨了美国伟大的指挥家和作曲家leonardbernstein的遗产，该片由bradleycooper执导并主演。 “大师”这个词在音乐会音乐中引起共鸣。 从意大利语“大师”一词来看，它最常用于受人尊敬的歌剧和管弦乐队指挥家，但也可用于指演奏家。 尽管这个词的形式是性别化的（男性），但它经常被用于女性指挥家、乐器演奏家和其他获得重大艺术认可的人。 导演（兼主演）布拉德利·库珀的新片《大师》的中心人物莱昂纳德·伯恩斯坦不仅是一位伟大的指挥家。 虽然maestro这个词肯定概括了他的职业生涯、自我和个性，但在电影的早期，lenny（人们亲切地称他为lenny）列出了他所有的成就，然后有点枯燥地将自己概括为“音乐家”。 “音乐人”伯恩斯坦的一生被公认为20世纪美国音乐史上最重要的力量之一。 伯恩斯坦最初是一位出色的钢琴演奏家，后来成为一位才华横溢、光彩照人的指挥家，成为第一位指挥纽约爱乐乐团的美国人，也是第一位指挥伦敦交响乐团、皇家爱乐乐团和柏林爱乐管弦乐团的美国人。 在他的整个职业生涯中，伯恩斯坦支持美国作曲家的作品，包括他的密友兼导师亚伦·科普兰的作品，以及马克·布利茨坦、卢卡斯·福斯、塞缪尔·巴伯等人的作品。 在科普兰的鼓励下，伯恩斯坦重新唤起了人们对古斯塔夫·马勒音乐的兴趣，并使这位奥地利作曲家重新成为国际音乐厅舞台上的常客。 观看真实的莱纳德伯恩斯坦是一位成功的作曲家。 他的风格横跨流行和正式的流派，经常将传统的犹太旋律和模态元素与爵士乐和拉丁美洲的节奏和旋律相结合。 他的作品在音乐会、舞蹈和戏剧舞台上广受好评。 他是一位著名的教育家。 在伯恩斯坦的一生中，他定期在波士顿交响乐团的夏季精英音乐学院tanglewood举办指挥大师班。 1954年，伯恩斯坦第一次出现在cbs的教育娱乐电视节目《omnibus》上，在节目中，他与数百万美国家庭讨论并演奏了各种音乐流派。 指挥伯恩斯坦教育工作的艺术在1964–5年与纽约爱乐乐团在哥伦比亚广播公司的电视转播中达到顶峰，最终在40个国家联合举办。 伯恩斯坦是一位坚定的犹太艺术家，1918年出生于马萨诸塞州，父母是来自乌克兰西部别列兹迪夫和舍佩蒂夫卡的犹太移民。1935年，伯恩斯坦进入了哈佛神圣的大厅。 毕业后，他进入了位于费城的柯蒂斯音乐学院，接受另一位导师（也是准法西斯匈牙利难民）弗里茨·雷纳的指导。 1941年，伯恩斯坦从柯蒂斯大学毕业，来到美国音乐界时，迫害导致许多犹太音乐家和作曲家逃离纳粹德国及其邻国的触角。 那也是美国社会普遍存在的反犹太主义时期。 影片中，出生于俄罗斯的波士顿交响乐团（bostonsymphonyorchestra）著名指挥家兼音乐总监谢尔盖·库塞维茨基（sergekoussevitsky）曾向年轻的伯恩斯坦（bernstein）建议将自己的名字改为莱昂纳德（leonards）。 燃烧以获得成功的指挥生涯。 伯恩斯坦拒绝了。 伯恩斯坦在哈佛和其他地方以坚定的自我征服了反犹太主义，他不仅揭示了对犹太教的坚定承诺，还揭示了为20世纪的犹太音乐艺术家开辟自由之路的愿望。 库伯在《大师》中选择了犹太教的象征性表现来强化这一点。 一件看起来像talit（祈祷披肩）的东西挂在伯恩斯坦位于卡内基大厅的公寓里。 koussevitsky的午餐桌上有传统的黑麦面包。 在排练完坎迪的合唱后回到康涅狄格州的家中时，可以看到lenny穿着一件哈佛运动衫，上面的字母印有他常春藤盟校母校的希伯来语拼写。 片尾字幕上播放的音乐突出了他作品中犹太人的一面。 它们从伯恩斯坦的《奇切斯特诗篇》第二乐章中的23个希伯来语单词开始，并以他的第二交响曲《no》的第二乐章结束。 3、kaddish。 这是一个特别有趣的选择，因为这场运动的叙述援引了犹太传统，即一个虔诚的人呼唤上帝来解释犹太人民的痛苦，被称为“din torah”。 一段复杂的关系大师特别感兴趣的是伯恩斯坦和他的妻子、演员费利西亚·蒙特阿莱格里·科恩（卡里·穆利根饰）之间的关系。 在一个令人难忘的美丽电影时刻，她以一个年轻女子的身份来到了一个聚会上，在那里她将会见她未来的丈夫。 我们最后一次见到她是在她与伯恩斯坦和他们的三个孩子生命的最后时刻，随着雪莉·埃利斯1965年的热门歌曲《拍手歌》的曲调跳舞。 大师描绘了莱尼的享乐生活旋风。 伯恩斯坦的精通并没有延伸到人际关系。 与他的犹太身份相比，他的双性恋及其对婚姻的影响更是这部电影的焦点，但库珀煞费苦心地承认，费利西亚是睁大眼睛进入这段关系的——正如她在树篱迷宫中向她求婚时所说的那样，“让我们试试吧”。 愤怒和挫败感此起彼伏，莱尼肆无忌惮地嬉戏，把情人带回家，（根据指示）对女儿撒谎，说自己的事情是什么性质的，通常做他想做的事。 库珀把许多不同的元素结合在一起，编织了一个关于伯恩斯坦生活的新故事。 有时他对象征主义的使用过于明显，有时则非常微妙。 看电影，看布景，看音乐，尤其是当伯恩斯坦在指挥马勒的第二交响曲时。 英国伊利大教堂2号。 这是两个小时内的一大亮点。 大师将于2023年12月20日在netflix上亮相。 约瑟夫·托尔兹博士是艺术与社会科学学院专门研究犹太音乐及其迁移的研究员。 这个故事第一次发表在谈话中。 上图：netflix。 上图：netflix。dr joseph tolz, from the faculty of arts and social sciences, explores the legacy of the great american conductor and composer leonard bernstein as portrayed in the new netflix film maestro directed by, and starring bradley cooper.“maestro” is a word that resonates across concert music. from the italian word for master, it is applied most frequently to a respected and established conductor of operas and orchestras but can also be used to refer to virtuoso instrumentalists.despite its gendered form (male), the term has been regularly applied to female conductors, instrumentalists and others who have achieved significant artistic recognition.leonard bernstein, the character at the centre of maestro, a new film from director (and star) bradley cooper, was not just a great conductor. while the word maestro certainly sums up his career, ego and personality, early in the film lenny (as he was affectionately known) lists all his achievements, then somewhat dryly sums himself up as “a musician”.the life of ‘a musician’bernstein is recognised as one of the most significant forces in 20th century american music. starting as an accomplished concert pianist, bernstein reached the pinnacle of success as a brilliant and effulgent conductor, the first american-born to direct the new york philharmonic, and the first american-born to conduct the london symphony, royal concertgebouw and berlin philharmonic orchestras.throughout his career, bernstein championed the work of american composers, including those of his close friend and mentor aaron copland, as well as works by marc blitzstein, lukas foss, samuel barber and others. encouraged by copland, bernstein revived interest in the music of gustav mahler and restored the austrian composer as a regular feature on the international concert hall stage.watch the real leonard bernsteinbernstein was a successful composer. his styles traversed popular and formal genres, often synthesising traditional jewish melodic and modal elements with jazz and latin american rhythms and melodies. he composed to great acclaim for concert, dance and theatre stages.he was a notable educator. throughout his life, bernstein gave regular masterclasses in conducting at tanglewood, the boston symphony orchestra’s summer academy for elite musicians.in 1954 bernstein appeared for the first time on omnibus, an educational entertainment television show on cbs, where he discussed and played diverse musical genres to millions of american homes.the art of conductingbernstein’s educational work culminated with the televising of his young people’s concerts with the new york philharmonic on cbs in 1964–5, eventually syndicated across 40 countries.a resolutely jewish artistborn in massachusetts in 1918 to jewish immigrants from berezdiv and shepetivka in western ukraine, bernstein entered the hallowed halls of harvard in 1935. after graduating, he enrolled at the curtis institute of music in philadelphia, to be supervised by another mentor (and refugee from quasi-fascist hungary), fritz reiner.graduating from curtis in 1941, bernstein arrived on the american music scene at a time where persecution had caused many jewish musicians and composers to flee the tentacles of nazi germany and its neighbours.it was also a time of endemic antisemitism throughout american society. at one point in the movie, serge koussevitsky, the iconic russian-born (and formerly jewish) conductor and music director of the boston symphony orchestra, suggests to the young bernstein he change his name to leonard s. burns in order to achieve a successful conducting career.bernstein refused. having conquered antisemitism at harvard and elsewhere by being resolutely himself, bernstein revealed not only a deep abiding commitment to judaism, but a desire to forge a path of freedom for jewish musical artists in the 20th century.candide overturecooper chooses symbolic representations of judaism throughout maestro to reinforce this. what looks like a tallit (a prayer shawl) hangs in bernstein’s flat in carnegie hall. traditional rye bread is featured on the lunch table with koussevitsky. when returning to his home in connecticut after rehearsing a chorus from candide, lenny is seen wearing a harvard sweatshirt, its letters emblazoned in the hebrew spelling of his ivy league alma mater.the music playing over the credits at the end of the film highlight the jewish aspects of his work. they begin with the psalm 23 hebrew words from the second movement of bernstein’s chichester psalms, and conclude with the second movement of his symphony no. 3, kaddish. this is a particularly interesting choice, as the narration of this movement invokes the jewish tradition of a pious individual calling god to account for the suffering of the jewish people, known as a din torah.a complicated relationshipmaestro is particularly interested in the relationship between bernstein and his wife, actor felicia montealegre cohn (cary mulligan). she arrives as a young woman in a hauntingly beautiful cinematic moment to the party where she was to meet her future husband. we last see her in her final moments of life with bernstein and their three children, dancing to the tune of shirley ellis’s 1965 hit, the clapping song.maestro depicts lenny’s hedonistic whirlwind of a life. bernstein’s mastery did not extend to human relationships. his bisexuality and its effects on his marriage are more a focus of the film than his jewishness, but cooper is at pains to acknowledge that felicia enters the relationship with eyes wide open – as she says when he proposes to her in a hedge maze, “let’s give it a whirl”.anger and frustration rise and fall as lenny cavorts with impunity, bringing lovers home, lying (on instruction) to his daughter about the nature of his affairs, and generally doing what he wants.cooper has brought together many disparate elements to weave a fresh story of the life of bernstein. sometimes his use of symbolism is overly obvious, at other times beautifully subtle. watch it for the cinematography, for the settings, for the music, and especially for the moment where bernstein is conducting mahler’s symphony no. 2 at ely cathedral in the united kingdom. it is an absolute highlight in the two hours.maestro is on netflix from 20 december, 2023.dr joseph tolz is a researcher specialising in jewish music and its migrations in the faculty of arts and social sciences. this story was first published in the conversation. top photo: netflix. .本文来源： 布拉德利·库珀的大师：伦纳德·伯恩斯坦的故事
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