记忆历史学家克里斯特尔·桑德斯解开了吉姆·克劳时代黑人学生争取研究生教育的持续影响。 埃默里大学历史学家克里斯特尔·桑德斯想了解，为什么这么多上过历史悠久的黑人学院和大学（hbcus）的老年非裔美国领导人会去哈佛大学和芝加哥大学等精英学校读研究生。 然后，她发现了吉姆·克劳的一项政策，无意中为民权运动奠定了基础。 桑德斯将于明年夏天在一本名为《美国被遗忘的移民》的书中发表她的研究成果。 然而，她的发现已经成为美国pbs旗舰电视台数字纪录片的基础，并已成为她本科课程的一部分。 “教育是政治性的。 这一直是政治性的，”sanders说。 “我们现在看到的许多成功都是由黑人男女促成的，他们如此致力于追求教育和最大的潜力，以至于他们离开家园，为自己配备创造一个更具包容性的世界所需的技能。 sanders是一位研究黑人教育史的非裔美国人研究副教授，她刚读完第一本关于幼儿先行计划历史的书，就注意到了研究生院的趋势。 通过查阅记录，她发现了她所称的“种族隔离奖学金”：16个南部和边境州从哈佛商学院的资助中提取的资金，用于将黑人学生送出该州攻读高级学位。 通常情况下，这笔钱只够支付州内学费和研究生项目学费之间的差额，因此学生们不得不在陌生、昂贵的城市找工作来支付额外的费用，同时还要处理具有挑战性的课程和培训。 领导们认为他们已经找到了一个漏洞来保护旗舰大学的种族隔离，并消除潜在的麻烦制造者。 相反，学生们回到了家，成为了该地区一些训练有素、资历最深的人——医生、律师和教育工作者，他们利用自己的培训来削弱最初迫使他们离开的种族歧视制度。 其中包括第一位在美国获得政治学博士学位的非裔美国女性jewel prestage。 s。 她在南方大学指导了几代被称为“宝石”的黑人学者，这些学者后来成为律师、州代表和政治科学家，并倡导改善路易斯安那州k-12学校的公民教育。 普雷斯塔奇于2014年去世，后来在国家妇女教育项目咨询委员会任职。 她的工作包括为解决性骚扰和妇女权利问题的《妇女教育公平法案》提供建议。 另一位是小马丁·路德·金的律师弗雷德·格雷。 被称为抗议运动的“首席律师”，他代表罗莎·帕克斯和图斯基梅毒研究的受害者，并领导了几起废除阿拉巴马州高等教育种族隔离的诉讼。 去年，拜登总统授予格雷总统自由勋章，现年92岁的格雷仍在从事法律工作。 一部名为《隔离奖学金》的数字纪录片，为服务于大纽约地区的公共电视台wnet告诉了五集更广泛的故事。 作为wnet集团“追逐梦想”公共媒体计划的一部分，该剧有望在明年成为电视节目。 这个故事已经成为桑德斯秋季非裔美国人教育学课程的一部分。 “我对倡导和社会正义感兴趣，但我以前没听说过，”sanders课程的大二学生tyler martinez说。 martinez是一位有抱负的心脏病专家，同时主修非裔美国人研究和人类健康，他补充道：“听到我们现在是如何走到这一步的历史，看到它的进展，我就想改变目前的系统。”。 sanders希望她即将出版的书能引起人们对高等教育中种族不平等问题的类似理解和更多对话。 例如，一些哈佛商学院今天仍在苦苦挣扎，因为领导人将资金转用于种族隔离奖学金，导致本已微薄的资金流失。 一旦大学开始整合，这笔资金就再也没有收回。 sanders说：“教育一直是一个有争议的公共利益。”。 “我想让我的学生学会这一点，这样他们就可以继续致力于为每个人提供一流、全面的教育，并珍惜与不同的人一起上课并向他们学习的机会。 我努力帮助我的学生看到他们在创建这样一所学校和母校中的作用，20年后，学生们可以享受并为之感到骄傲。 ”。emory historian crystal sanders untangles the ongoing repercussions of black students’ efforts to secure graduate education in the jim crow era.emory college historian crystal sanders wanted to understand why so many elderly african american leaders who attended historically black colleges and universities (hbcus) went on to elite schools like harvard and the university of chicago for graduate school.then she unearthed a jim crow policy that inadvertently laid the groundwork for the civil rights movement.sanders will publish her research in a book, tentatively titled “america’s forgotten migration,” next summer. her findings, though, are already the basis of a digital documentary on the nation’s flagship pbs station and have become part of her undergraduate courses.“education is political. it’s always been political,” sanders says. “many of the successes we see now were really fostered by black men and women who were so committed to pursuing education and their highest potential that they left their homes to equip themselves with the skills needed to create a more inclusive world.”an associate professor of african american studies whose research focuses on the history of black education, sanders had just finished her first book on the history of the head start program for young children when she noticed the graduate school trend.digging into records, she discovered what she dubs “segregation scholarships:” money that 16 southern and border states pulled from hbcu funding to send black students out of state for advanced degrees.typically, the money only covered the difference between the in-state tuition and the graduate program tuition, so students had to find work in unfamiliar, expensive cities to cover additional expenses, all while tackling challenging coursework and training.leaders thought they’d found a loophole to preserve segregation at their flagship universities and to get rid of potential troublemakers.instead, the students returned home as some of the most highly trained and credentialed people in the region physicians, lawyers, educators who used their training to chip away at the very system of racial discrimination that compelled them to leave in the first place.among them was jewel prestage, the first african american woman to receive a doctorate in political science in the u.s. she mentored several generations of black scholars known as “jewel’s gems” at southern university who then went on to become lawyers, state representatives and political scientists, and advocated for improved civic education in k-12 schools in louisiana.prestage, who died in 2014, later served on the national advisory council on women’s educational programs. her work included advising on the women’s educational equity act addressing sexual harassment and womens rights.another was fred gray, the attorney martin luther king jr. called “chief counsel” of the protest movement who represented rosa parks and victims of the tuskegee syphilis study and led several lawsuits to desegregate higher education in alabama.last year, president biden awarded the presidential medal of freedom to gray, who at 92 is still practicing law.a digital documentary, “segregation scholarships,” tells the broader story in five episodes for wnet, the public television station serving the greater new york city area. as part of the wnet group’s “chasing the dream” public media initiative, the series is expected to become a television program next year.the story has already become part of sanders’ fall course on african american pedagogy.“i’m interested in advocacy and social justice, but i hadn’t heard of this before,” says tyler martinez, a sophomore in sanders’ course.“hearing about the history of how we got here now, and seeing the progression, it makes me want to evolve the current system,” adds martinez, an aspiring cardiologist with a double major in african american studies and human health.sanders hopes her forthcoming book will solicit similar understanding and more conversations about racial inequality in higher education. some hbcus are still struggling today, for instance, due to the loss of already-thin funding when leaders diverted money to segregation scholarships. that funding was never recovered once universities began to integrate.“education has always been a contested public good,” sanders says. “i want my students to learn that so they remain committed to a first-class, well-rounded education for everyone and value the opportunity to sit in a class with people different than them and learn from them. i try to help my students see their role in creating the kind of institution and alma mater students can enjoy and be proud of 20 years from now.”.亲，点击此处在线申请留学咨询服务和报名评估！我们将竭诚提供最佳评估服务！
